Evolution of Android In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) systems in the automotive industry, from early beginnings to its current advanced implementations:

1. Early Infotainment Systems (Pre-Android Era)

Before Android entered the scene, IVI systems were mostly:

• Proprietary platforms developed by automakers or third-party suppliers.

• Focused on radio, CD/DVD players, navigation, and basic telematics.

• Examples: Ford SYNC (based on Microsoft), BMW iDrive, etc.

• Limited connectivity and user experience was often clunky.

2. Entry of Android into Automotive (2010–2014)

• Android started gaining traction as smartphones became central to daily life.

• Automakers began experimenting with Android-based head units for better UI, app support, and customization.

• These were custom versions of Android Open Source Project (AOSP), not connected to Google services.

• Challenges: Lack of standardization, security concerns, poor update cycles.

3. Android Auto Launch (2015)

• Google introduced Android Auto as a projection-based system (not native OS).

  • Mirrors your phone onto the car display.

  • Safe UI for Google Maps, calls, messages, music, etc.

• Gained widespread adoption due to its simplicity and smartphone integration.

• Competed with Apple CarPlay, leading to dual support in most vehicles.

Note: Android Auto ≠ Android Automotive OS — they're different.

4. Android Automotive OS (AAOS) Emerges (2017–2020)

• Google took a major leap by launching Android Automotive OS, a full-fledged, embedded OS that runs natively in the vehicle — no smartphone required.

• Volvo Polestar 2 (2020) was the first production car with AAOS.

• Features:

  • Built-in Google Maps, Google Assistant, Google Play Store.

  • Deep integration with vehicle functions (e.g., HVAC, seat controls).

  • Customizable by OEMs.

5. Growth & Adoption (2020–2024)

• Major automakers began adopting or experimenting with AAOS, including:

  • Volvo, Polestar, Renault, GM, Honda, Ford, and others.

• Benefits:

  • Familiar UX, OTA updates, better app ecosystem.

  • Voice control via Google Assistant.

  • Reduced development cost/time for automakers.

• Developers could build automotive-specific apps using Android tools.

• Third-party app categories included navigation, media, and EV charging.

6. Ecosystem Expansion & Custom Skins (2023–2025)

• OEMs began customizing Android Automotive with their own UI/UX layers.

  • Ex: GM's Ultra Cruise, Volvo’s native integration with car functions.

• Google also expanded categories on the Play Store for cars.

• Support for EV-specific functions like battery stats, range mapping, and charging station finders.

• Safety and driver distraction regulations guided app design and behavior.

Key Technological Highlights